Group+4

Tundra Basic Description- The geographical distribution of the tundra biome is largely poleward of 60° North latitude. The tundra biome is characterized by an absence of trees, the presence of dwarf plants, and a ground surface that is wet, spongy, and hummocky. Soils of this biome are usually permanently frozen (**[|permafrost]**) starting at a depth of a few centimeters to meter or more. The permafrost line is a physical barrier to plant root growth.hat you can organize it onto your group's chart later. Tropical savannas are **[|grasslands]** with scattered drought-resistant **[|trees]** that generally do not exceed 10 meters in height (**Figure 9k-9**). Tree and shrub species in the savanna usually shed their leaves during the dry season. This adaptation reduces water loss from the plants. New leaves appear several weeks before the start of the rain season. Scientists believe that savanna plant species may have developed this strategy to take advantage of the season variance of the start of the rains. Climatically, these biomes are characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are hot all year long. Tundra Picture- Tundra Flora- The **[|species]** [|**diversity**] of tundra vegetation is relatively small. Plant communities are usually composed of a few species of dwarf **[|shrubs]**, a few **[|grass]** species, **[|sedges]**, and **[|mosses]**. Perhaps the most characteristic arctic tundra plants are **[|lichens]** like Reindeer Moss Tundra Fauna- The principal **[|herbivores]** in this biome include caribou, musk ox, arctic hare, voles, and lemmings. Most of the bird species of the tundra have the ability to migrate and live in warmer locations during the cold winter months. The herbivore species support a small number of **[|carnivore]** species like the arctic fox, snow owl, polar bear, and wolves. **[|Reptiles]** and **[|amphibians]** are few or completely absent because of the extremely cold temperatures.

[|**Tropical rainforests**] occur in a broad zone outside the **[|equator]**. Annual rainfall, which exceeds 2000 to 2250 millimeters, is generally evenly distributed throughout the year.

The tropical rainforest is also home to a great variety of animals Some scientists believe that 30 to 50% of all of the Earth's animal species may be found in this biome.

Vines, Palm Trees, Orchids, Ferns.

Campa Pita, Belize

A mix of Pine trees and deciduos trees having snowy winters and warm summers

flora : Pine trees, Deciduos trees

Fauna : small mammals such as squirells, chipmunks, and racoons also home to many birds

location : Eastern U.S and Central Europe **Grassland PIcture**




 * World Bioregions/Biomes **

**Biome** -- a grouping of the world’s flora and fauna into a large ecological province or region; also referred to as bioregion What is __flora__? Flora is plant life. What is __fauna__? Fauna is animal life. ** Biome ** || Basic Description || Types of flora || Types of Fauna || World Location || 1)Forests- ||   XXXX  ||   XXXX  ||   XXXX  ||   XXXX  ||  A) Rain Forest  || Occur in a broad zone outside the ** [|equator]  **. Annual rainfall, which exceeds 2000 to 2250 millimeters, is generally evenly distributed throughout the year. ||  Vines, Palm Trees, Orchids, Ferns. ||  The tropical rainforest is also home to a great variety of animals Some scientists believe that 30 to 50% of all of the Earth's animal species may be found in this biome. ||  Campa Pita, Belize   || B) Broadleaf /mixed broadleaf & coniferous ||   A mix of Pine trees and deciduous trees having snowy winters and warm summers  ||   Pine trees, Deciduous trees  ||   small mammals such as squirrels, chipmunks, and raccoons also home to many birds  ||   Eastern U.S and Central Europe  ||  C) Coniferous (Taiga)  || Forest ** soils ** are characterized by a deep ** litter layer ** and slow ** decomposition **. The climate of this biome is cool to cold with more precipitation than the tundra, occurring mainly in the summer because of mid-latitude cyclones || conifers (trees with needles instead of leaves and cones instead of flowers), spruces, pines, and firs || moose, bear, deer, wolverine, marten, lynx, wolf, snowshoe hare, vole, chipmunks, shrews, and bats. Reptiles are rare || Between the tundra and deciduous forest. between 50 and 60 degrees north latitude. North America, Europe, and Asia. Boaverlodge, Canada. || 2) Mediterranean woodland, shrub & grassland  ||   Hot and dry in the summer, and cool and moist in the winter. generally located around 30 deg. and 40 deg. latitude  ||   Sage, Rosemary, Oregano, Acacia, Chamise  ||   Coyotes, Antelope, Lynx, Gray Fox  ||   Santiago  , Chile Cape reigon of South Africa.  ||  3) Tropical Savanna, mixed grassland & woodland  || Tropical savannas are ** [|grasslands]  ** with scattered drought-resistant **  [|trees]  ** that generally do not exceed 10 meters in height. Climatically, these biomes are characterized by distinct wet and dry seasons. Temperatures are hot all year long. ||  Tree and shrub species in the savanna usually shed their leaves during the dry season. This adaptation reduces water loss from the plants. New leaves appear several weeks before the start of the rain season. Scientists believe that savanna plant species may have developed this strategy to take advantage of the season variance of the start of the rains || Savannas also support the richest ** diversity ** of grazing ** mammals ** in the world. Savannas are also home to a number of predator species who prey on grazing animals. (such as lions). Giraffes are a common grazer on the African savanna. ||  extensive areas in eastern Africa, South America, and Australia  || 4) Prairie & steppe grassland ||   the tall grass prairie toward the east and the short grass prairie westward. In Europe and Asia some grasslands are called Steppes. In South America, grasslands are known as Pampas.  ||   Natural grassland ecosystems are dominated by various species of grass. Flowering, including many kinds of and , are common but much less important than grass species. Trees are limited to low lying areas and the narrow zone immediately adjacent to streams.  ||   Grassland are dominated by smaller burrowing herbivores (prairie dogs, jack rabbits, ground squirrels, and gophers) and larger running herbivores such as bison, pronghorn antelope, and elk. include badger, coyote, ferret, wolf, and cougar. The population size of many of these species has been drastically reduced because of habitat destruction.  ||   The Great Plains of North America, the pampas of South America, the veldt of South Africa, the steppes of Central Europe and lands surrounding the deserts of Australia. || 5) Desert shrub   ||   Driest of all biomes Receives little rainfall Temperature in a desert changes drastically from day to night (day average38 degrees Celsius, night average -4 degrees Celsius)  ||   Cacti, short grasses, small brushes  ||   Most desert **  [|mammals]  ** tend to be nocturnal to avoid the high temperatures. Desert habitats have a rich lizard and snake fauna because high temperatures promote the success of cold blooded life forms  ||   Between 15 and 35 degrees latitude  ||  6)Tundra (Alpine)-  || The geographical distribution of the tundra biome is largely poleward of 60° North latitude. The tundra biome is characterized by an absence of trees, the presence of dwarf plants, and a ground surface that is wet, spongy, and hummocky. Soils of this biome are usually permanently frozen (** [|permafrost]  **) starting at a depth of a few centimeters to meter or more. The permafrost line is a physical barrier to plant root growth. ||  The **  [|species]  ** diversity of tundra vegetation is relatively small. Plant communities are usually composed of a few species of dwarf ** [|shrubs]  **, a few **  [|grass]  ** species, **  [|sedges]  **, and **  [|mosses]  **. Perhaps the most characteristic arctic tundra plants are ** [|lichens]  ** like Reindeer Moss  || The principal ** [|herbivores]  ** in this biome include caribou, musk ox, arctic hare, voles, and lemmings. Most of the bird species of the tundra have the ability to migrate and live in warmer locations during the cold winter months. The herbivore species support a small number of ** [|carnivore]  ** species like the arctic fox, snow owl, polar bear, and wolves. ** [|Reptiles]  ** and **  [|amphibians]  ** are few or completely absent because of the extremely cold temperatures. ||  Regions south of the ice caps of the artic and extending across North America, Europe and Siberia (mountainous areas)  ||